Relationship between Diabetes and Ischemic Stroke: Analysis of Diabetes- Related Risk Factors for Stroke and of Specific Patterns of Stroke Associated with Diabetes Mellitus

摘要

Diabetes and ischemic stroke are common diseases that frequently occurring together. Among patients\udwith diabetes mellitus several factors contribute in varying degrees to the overall cerebrovascular risk including\udhyperglycemia, vascular risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia and also genetic, demographic, and\udlifestyle factors and several studies have shown that people with diabetes have approximately twice the risk of\udischemic stroke compared with those without diabetes. The association between ischemic stroke and diabetes is\udbidirectional and it is not limited to acute ischemic stroke since diabetes may contribute to a more insidious brain\uddamage represented by lacunar infarcts increasing the risk of dementia and leading to a steeper decline in cognitive\udfunction. The higher cerebrovascular risk profile of subjects with diabetes mellitus emphasizes the importance of\udsecondary prevention strategies with the aim to prevent a substantial number of these disabling strokes among\udpatients with diabetes. In this review, we describe the relationship between glucose metabolism and acute ischemic\udstroke and focus on the analysis of diabetes-related risk factor for stroke and on specific patterns of stroke type\udassociated with diabetes.